Zusammenfassung
Bestimmte Nahrungskomponenten können immunologische und Entzündungsprozesse modulieren.
Epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass verschiedene Ernährungsmuster das Entzündungsrisiko
beeinflussen. So erhöht eine typisch westliche Ernährungsweise mit viel Fett und tierischen
Lebensmitteln die Konzentration an Entzündungsmarkern im Blut. Dagegen ist eine primär
pflanzlich betonte Ernährung mit einem geringeren Entzündungsrisiko assoziiert. Für
bestimmte sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe wie Karotinoide und Flavonoide ist ein Einfluss
auf das Immunsystem nachgewiesen. Humanstudien zeigen eine immunstimulierende Wirkung
von β-Karotin, die allerdings abhängig vom Nährstoffstatus der Probanden ist. Einige
Vertreter der Flavonoide haben in vitro und am Tiermodell eine immunsuppressive und
entzündungshemmende Wirkung gezeigt; für den Menschen liegen nur unzureichende Daten
vor. Insgesamt ist die gesundheitliche Bedeutung der Vielfalt der sekundären Pflanzenstoffe
kaum erforscht. Vitamin D hat ebenfalls eine Bedeutung für immunologische und antiinflammatorische
Prozesse.
Abstract
Some components of the diet can modulate immunological and inflammatory processes.
Epidemiological studies demonstrate that different diets influence the risk for inflammation.
Thus, a typical Western diet with high amounts of fat and constituents of animal origin
increases the concentration of inflammatory markers in blood. In contrast, a mainly
vegetarian diet is associated with a smaller risk for inflammation. For certain phytochemicals
e. g. carotenoids and flavonoids, there is a proven effect on the immune system. Studies
in humans demonstrate an immunostimulating action of β-carotene which, however, depends
on the nutritional status of the subject. In vitro and in animal models some flavonoids
have shown an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory action. There are insufficient
data about the effects in humans. In general the relevance for health of a variety
of phytochemicals has hardly been investigated. In addition, vitamin D plays a role
in immunological and anti-inflammatory processes.
Schlüsselwörter
Ernährungsmuster - Entzündungsrisiko - Betakarotin - Flavonoide - Vitamin D
Key words
pattern of diet - risk for inflammation - beta-carotene - flavonoids - vitamin D
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PD Dr. Bernhard Watzl
Institut für Physiologie und Biochemie der Ernährung, Max-Rubner-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut
für Ernährung und Lebensmittel
Haid- und Neu-Straße 9
76131 Karlsruhe
Phone: 0721/6625410
Fax: 0721/6625404
Email: Bernhard.Watzl@MRI.bund.de